A restrictive covenant is a binding rule written into a deed, subdivision document, lease, or other property agreement that limits how land or a building can be used.

Common examples include bans on certain businesses, limits on fencing, rules about livestock, minimum home sizes, or restrictions on where structures can be placed. Some covenants are meant to preserve a neighborhood's look or protect property values, while others control access, maintenance, or shared areas. Unlike a private handshake deal, a restrictive covenant can "run with the land," meaning future owners may be bound by it too. In real estate disputes, these rules often overlap with easements, zoning, deed restrictions, and homeowners' association rules.

Practically, a restrictive covenant can affect whether someone can build, renovate, rent out property, or use it for ranching or commercial purposes. If an owner violates one, neighbors, an HOA, or another party with enforcement rights may seek an injunction, damages, or both. Whether a covenant is enforceable often depends on its wording, how it was recorded, and whether it is still reasonable and consistent with public policy.

For an injury claim, the issue can matter when property rules affect safety. A covenant requiring road upkeep, fencing, snow removal, or maintenance of shared spaces may help show who had control over a hazard and whether a duty of care existed. In Wyoming, enforceability usually turns on recorded property documents and court interpretation rather than a single statewide statute aimed only at restrictive covenants.